WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:25.040 This is a computer motherboard. Do you know what all these components are called? What 00:25.040 --> 00:30.000 they do? Who invented the microprocessor? If you're into computer history and trivia, 00:30.000 --> 00:33.200 you are in the right place. For in just a few minutes, we're going to bring you 10 of 00:33.200 --> 00:37.320 the smartest guys in the computer industry who will be matching wits to find out who 00:37.320 --> 00:41.720 knows more about computer trivia, the guys from the East Coast or the folks from the 00:41.720 --> 00:47.160 West Coast. Stay tuned for the Computer Bowl All-Star Game on this special edition of the 00:47.160 --> 01:03.480 Computer Chronicles. 01:03.480 --> 01:08.560 Computer Chronicles is made possible in part by the Software Publishers Association, providers 01:08.560 --> 01:15.480 of educational materials to help manage software. Don't copy that floppy. And by Hewlett Packard, 01:15.480 --> 01:20.800 personal computer division. Now, ladies and gentlemen, the host of the PBS television 01:20.800 --> 01:23.800 series Computer Chronicles, here is Stuart Shafae. 01:23.800 --> 01:32.920 Thank you very much. And thanks to the Computer Bowl Orchestra, otherwise known as the Peter 01:32.920 --> 01:38.480 Morgan Band. Thank you very much. Okay, ladies and gentlemen, hackers of all ages, good evening 01:38.480 --> 01:44.200 and welcome to the Computer Bowl All-Star Game, presented by the Association for Computing 01:44.200 --> 01:51.640 Machinery. Who knows more about computers? The East folks, guys? The East folks? The 01:51.640 --> 01:58.720 East Coast folks? Who knows how to speak tonight is the question. Who knows more about computers? 01:58.720 --> 02:03.080 The people from the East Coast who brought us mainframes and mini computers? Or is it 02:03.080 --> 02:12.280 the people on the West Coast who brought us silicon chips and personal computers? I wonder 02:12.280 --> 02:17.240 what they're doing in Boston right now. Tonight, we're going to find out once and for all. 02:17.240 --> 02:23.000 We're here tonight in the San Jose Civic Auditorium, site of many famous sporting events, but none 02:23.000 --> 02:29.760 so spectacular as what will follow in this next hour. Tonight, we feature the pro bowlers, 02:29.760 --> 02:35.640 the Hall of Famers, the final four, well, I guess it's the final five from each side, 02:35.640 --> 02:40.880 the absolute smartest of the smart when it comes to tech talk. For this is the Computer 02:40.880 --> 02:47.120 Bowl finale. It's the Super Bowl, Game 7 of the World Series, the Stanley Cup Final, the 02:47.120 --> 02:53.320 Olympics of hackerdom all wrapped up into one tonight. It is the revenge of the nerds, 02:53.320 --> 03:00.240 the ultimate moment of geek glory for the winning team. So far, we've had five Computer 03:00.240 --> 03:14.840 Bowl contests, and the West has won the regular series by a score of 3-2. But what does that 03:14.840 --> 03:20.000 matter? What have you done for me lately, right? That is all forgotten after tonight's 03:20.000 --> 03:28.640 contest. Gathered here in San Jose, I gather, is a partisan crowd. Who's going to win, audience? 03:28.640 --> 03:33.320 Okay. A couple of you. All right. Up in Redmond, Washington, we have a group of Northwesterners 03:33.320 --> 03:38.720 joining us tonight live via satellite. You guys hearing us loud and clear? We could only 03:38.720 --> 03:43.520 afford two-way audio. One year, we'll be able to do this. Back in Boston, the bastion of 03:43.520 --> 03:47.800 East Coast computer wisdom, we have a live audience watching via satellite. You guys 03:47.800 --> 03:51.640 in Boston, better root for the East Coast because the Westerners are outnumbering you 03:51.640 --> 03:58.520 here. Okay. Let's get to it. Representing the East Coast and their great tradition of 03:58.520 --> 04:07.000 pocket protectors, white socks, red socks in Boston, from Foundation Technologies Limited, 04:07.000 --> 04:31.080 Neil, Cleanup Colvin. From Microsoft Corporation, Bob the Babe, Frankston. Author and computer 04:31.080 --> 04:45.520 historian Pamela, Mighty Duck, McCordick. From Novell, from Novell Multimedia, David, 04:45.520 --> 04:55.260 the giant killer, Nelson. And the captain of the East Coast team, from the Electronic 04:55.260 --> 05:08.520 Frontier Foundation, Mitch, Wild Thing, Kapor. Now, from the West Coast, with their great 05:08.520 --> 05:20.000 tradition of sunshine, earthquakes, the San Jose Sharks. Go Sharks! From Microsoft Corporation, 05:20.000 --> 05:41.760 Bill the Goalie Gates. Industry consultant Jeff, the Cruncher Cowb. From Interval Research 05:41.760 --> 05:59.160 Corporation, David, Slam Dunk Liddell. From Smart Valley Incorporated, Harry, the Sinker 05:59.160 --> 06:22.440 Sol. And the captain of the West Coast team, from Sun Microsystems, Bill, the Jammer Joy. 06:22.440 --> 06:27.280 Now normally, in a computer bowl, we have one or two judges to rule on the difficult 06:27.280 --> 06:34.120 cases. That means when Kapor or Gates disagree with the official answer. But with this panel 06:34.120 --> 06:38.320 of all stars, we figured we better bring out the whole Supreme Court tonight. So let me 06:38.320 --> 06:43.640 introduce to you our panel of judges, otherwise known in this venue as our referees. And here 06:43.640 --> 06:50.640 they are. Charlie Bachman, from Bachman Information Systems. John Doerr, of Kleiner, Perkins, 06:50.640 --> 07:02.360 Caulfield & Byers. Pat McGovern, of the International Data Group. Heidi Roizen, of TeamMaker Company. 07:02.360 --> 07:13.760 And John Schock, of the Asset Management Company. It is now my pleasure and honor to introduce 07:13.760 --> 07:19.400 to you the official examiner for tonight's computer bowl all-star game. The only man 07:19.400 --> 07:41.440 whose medical alert tag says Intel inside. From the Intel Corporation, Dr. Andrew Grove. 07:41.440 --> 07:46.600 Ladies and gentlemen, all-star teams from the East and West, it's time to boot up. Andy, 07:46.600 --> 07:52.680 you're 10 points. Here's the first toss-up question. Some men in the computer business 07:52.680 --> 08:03.760 wear earrings of the following. Who does not wear an earring? Jean-Louis Gasset, Stephen 08:03.760 --> 08:12.760 Wallach, Philippe Kahn. David Liddell, West Coast. David? Philippe Kahn does not wear 08:12.760 --> 08:26.360 an earring. And you are right for 10 points. Andy? Only one person in all of computing's 08:26.360 --> 08:33.040 history has ever won both the ACM Turing Award for lasting technical achievement and the 08:33.040 --> 08:42.880 Grace Murray Hopper Award for work done prior to reaching the age of 30. Who is that person? 08:42.880 --> 08:49.080 That's a good question. Okay. Bob? Frankston, East Coast. Bob? Bob McKeith. That is not 08:49.080 --> 08:52.920 the correct answer. Somebody on the West Coast would like to take a shot. Who is the only 08:52.920 --> 08:57.840 person to win the ACM Turing Award and the Hopper Award? David Liddell, West Coast. David? 08:57.840 --> 09:11.160 Donald Knuth. Donald Knuth is right for 10 points. A 5 1⁄4-inch floppy disk has a right 09:11.160 --> 09:18.440 protect notch on its left side when held for insertion into a horizontal disk drive. On 09:18.440 --> 09:28.800 an 8-inch floppy disk, there is a right-enable notch. Where is it located on the disk? 09:28.800 --> 09:35.560 Mitchell, Capehor, East Coast. Mitch? On the right side. That is not correct. You've got 09:35.560 --> 09:42.280 a couple of sides left, West Coast. Anybody like to take a shot at it? Where is that notch 09:42.280 --> 09:46.600 on the disk? Anybody want to try going quickly now? Got nothing to lose. Let somebody take 09:46.600 --> 09:54.560 a shot. Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast. Jeff? I'm sorry? The left side. That's not correct either. 09:54.560 --> 09:58.760 We had one or two more shots. I think somebody would get it. It is on the leading or front 09:58.760 --> 10:05.240 or top edge of the disk as you put it in. Bonus round. All right. Time for the first 10:05.240 --> 10:08.600 bonus round. We'll score right now before we begin this bonus round. Bonus round is 10:08.600 --> 10:13.760 20 for the West, zero for the East. Here's a chance for the East to pick up 30 points 10:13.760 --> 10:17.840 in this bonus round. All right. If you guys can huddle together now, this is only for 10:17.840 --> 10:21.560 your team. There will be eight of these. We'll go up and back evenly and fairly. Only answer 10:21.560 --> 10:27.480 through your captain, Mitch. The category is programmers and programming languages. 10:27.480 --> 10:31.960 Here's the first part of the question. There's three questions, 10 points each. The 18th 10:31.960 --> 10:37.240 Annual International Collegiate Programming Contest was held earlier this year in Phoenix. 10:37.240 --> 10:43.160 The following four universities were among the entrants, Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva University, 10:43.160 --> 10:47.080 and the University of Waterloo. Which one came in first? 10:47.080 --> 10:57.460 Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva, University of Waterloo. Waterloo. That's correct, 10 points. Okay. 10:57.460 --> 11:02.160 Another chance to get more 10. You guys are catching up now. I can think of at least three 11:02.160 --> 11:10.160 programming languages which were named after real people. Can you name three? Programming 11:10.160 --> 11:16.360 language is named after real people. I need three of them for 10 points. I need an answer 11:16.360 --> 11:19.960 now. Ada, Pascal, Euler. 11:19.960 --> 11:29.480 Euler. Judges say Euler will do, John. Euler will do, another 10 points. Well done, guys. 11:29.480 --> 11:34.880 Another one would have been Euclid. Okay. Last chance for another 10 points. You guys 11:34.880 --> 11:42.200 are catching up. The programming language FORTH is spelled F-O-R-T-H. When it was first 11:42.200 --> 11:49.360 introduced, it was called FORTH, F-O-U-R-T-H. Why did they change it? 11:49.360 --> 11:54.560 Trademark. Trademark. That's not correct, I'm afraid. It only handled maximum of five 11:54.560 --> 11:59.520 letters in a name, so they had to get rid of one of them. Okay, so the score right now 11:59.520 --> 12:11.080 is 20 points for the East, 20 points for the West. We're all tied up. Let's get back to 12:11.080 --> 12:14.640 our toss-up questions. Any side can answer. Andy. 12:14.640 --> 12:21.400 A recent report on computers in public schools rated the 50 states on how many computers 12:21.400 --> 12:24.800 are available in school per student. 12:24.800 --> 12:29.800 Of these four... Neil Colvin, East Coast. Neil. 12:29.800 --> 12:35.120 Texas. That is not correct. Continue the question, 12:35.120 --> 12:38.240 Andy, and anybody on the West can take a shot at this. 12:38.240 --> 12:49.240 Of these four states, which one ranked number one? Alaska, California, Minnesota, or Massachusetts. 12:49.240 --> 12:55.800 Which state had the most computers per student in school? I need an answer quickly, guys. 12:55.800 --> 12:58.080 Harry. Seoul, West Coast. 12:58.080 --> 12:59.560 Harry. Minnesota. 12:59.560 --> 13:05.320 That's not correct. The correct answer is Alaska. All right, go ahead. 13:05.320 --> 13:11.500 According to Red Herring Magazine, one high-tech company led all others last year in raising 13:11.500 --> 13:18.840 venture capital, raising $35 million in the first three quarters of 1993. What company 13:18.840 --> 13:19.840 was that? 13:19.840 --> 13:25.560 Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast. Jeff, what do you think? 13:25.560 --> 13:29.360 Kendall Square Research. That is not correct. Anybody on the East would 13:29.360 --> 13:34.360 like to take a shot at that. Who raised the most venture capital last year in 93, $35 13:34.360 --> 13:41.000 million in the first three quarters of 93? Anybody want to take a shot for 10 points? 13:41.000 --> 13:44.480 Going once. No ideas. The answer is... 13:44.480 --> 13:48.480 David Nelson, East Coast. David? Not correct. 13:48.480 --> 13:51.400 Open Vision Technologies. Bonus round. 13:51.400 --> 13:58.440 All right, time to give you guys a chance. Let's see. The score right now is, what, 30 13:58.440 --> 14:03.800 East Coast, 20 West Coast, so you're behind by 10. Let's see if you can catch up now. 14:03.800 --> 14:06.640 Chance, three questions, 10 points apiece. Why don't you guys gather together? You can 14:06.640 --> 14:13.440 consult. Only Bill can give me the answer. The category is IBM. 1993 may not have been 14:13.440 --> 14:19.040 the best year for IBM, but the company did distinguish itself by being number one worldwide 14:19.040 --> 14:31.080 in a very significant way. In what way? In what was IBM number one in 1993? I need an 14:31.080 --> 14:36.800 answer pretty soon. Let's have it. 14:36.800 --> 14:41.240 Made the most PCs. Not correct. The answer is they had the most 14:41.240 --> 14:45.760 US patents issued of any company in the world. All right, let's try for another 10 points 14:45.760 --> 14:58.200 now, again in IBM. IBM has been traditionally a stock favorite. I'm sorry, judges, yes? 14:58.200 --> 15:03.800 A reprieve for the West? We think that may not be the answer we're 15:03.800 --> 15:08.320 looking for, but it may in fact be correct. 10 points for the West Coast. Okay, thank 15:08.320 --> 15:16.760 you, judges. You guys are sharp. Okay. We're regretting the strip. 15:16.760 --> 15:20.640 Why not? All right, here's another chance for 10 points. Now, as I said, IBM has traditionally 15:20.640 --> 15:26.000 been a stock market favorite, but in this decade, it announced its first ever quarterly 15:26.000 --> 15:33.760 loss. Give me the year and the quarter of that loss. In what quarter did IBM announce 15:33.760 --> 15:44.320 its first ever loss? The only clue is it is this decade, of course. 15:44.320 --> 15:48.320 I need an answer. Second quarter of 1990. 15:48.320 --> 15:54.000 No, that's not correct. Fourth quarter of 92. Fourth quarter of 92 is the answer. All 15:54.000 --> 15:58.040 right, you've got a chance at another 10 points now. Judges, no reprieve there, right? I can 15:58.040 --> 16:03.080 keep on going here? Here's a good one. At IBM San Jose Labs, while 16:03.080 --> 16:08.240 developing the platters for their Ramach hard disk, they had to figure out a way to control 16:08.240 --> 16:13.400 the grain size of the oxide particles. They came up with a very innovative solution. This 16:13.400 --> 16:18.680 will be multiple choice, so listen. Was it using a colander, sifting them through a pair 16:18.680 --> 16:30.640 of nylons, or polishing each grain to size? Which of those three did they use to solve 16:30.640 --> 16:38.240 the problem? We guessed the nylons. Of course, that's correct. 10 points. All right, the 16:38.240 --> 16:52.120 score, East Coast 30, West Coast 40. Time. All right, that's the end of round one. The 16:52.120 --> 17:03.120 score is the West Coast ahead by a score of 40 to 30. Don't go away. We'll be right back. 17:03.120 --> 17:17.080 All right, as we get ready to start round two of tonight's Computer Bowl All-Star Game, 17:17.080 --> 17:21.720 the score once again, the West ahead by a score of 40 to 30. We go back to 10-point 17:21.720 --> 17:29.000 toss-up questions, and Andy. Robots have been popular characters in movies for many years. 17:29.000 --> 17:36.120 Of the following four movies, Target Earth, Silent Running, Journey to the Center of the 17:36.120 --> 17:41.800 Earth, and Spacecam, which one did not feature a robot? 17:41.800 --> 17:44.800 Neil Colvin, East Coast. Neil? 17:44.800 --> 17:49.240 Journey to the Center of the Earth. Well, you're a good one. 10 points. All right, 17:49.240 --> 17:58.320 here we go again. According to the book, The Green PC, what is the annual cost for generating 17:58.320 --> 18:08.560 the electricity it takes to run all the world's personal computers? Is it $900 million, $1.5 18:08.560 --> 18:16.680 billion, $4.6 billion, or $10 billion? 18:16.680 --> 18:21.560 How much electricity does it take to run the world's PCs, all of them? Multiple choice 18:21.560 --> 18:26.120 guy. Got to pick one. Going once, going twice. 18:26.120 --> 18:28.400 Bill Gates, West Coast. Bill? 18:28.400 --> 18:40.880 $4.6 billion. That's the right answer. 10 points for the West. 18:40.880 --> 18:57.920 What is the result of the multiplication in base 89 of these two numbers? 11 and 11. 18:57.920 --> 19:01.960 Thinking, thinking, thinking. Listen to that question carefully. 19:01.960 --> 19:05.800 Mitch? It's going to be one, and then whatever 19:05.800 --> 19:15.080 stands for 22. Judges, I can't take that. No. Okay, we've 19:15.080 --> 19:19.080 got to go to the West Coast. You've got a shot at that. The result of the multiplication 19:19.080 --> 19:22.080 in base 89. Bill? 19:22.080 --> 19:26.280 $132. That's not the correct answer either. The 19:26.280 --> 19:33.160 answer is $121 because it's always $121 except for base 2, 11 and 11. Judges, yes? Thank 19:33.160 --> 19:42.840 you. Okay, next. It's obvious. Obvious, Andy says. 19:42.840 --> 19:49.840 One of the earliest word processors was written by a company named Lifetree Software. What 19:49.840 --> 19:53.120 was it called? Bill Gates, West Coast. 19:53.120 --> 19:57.040 Bill? Easy Rider. That's not correct, Bill. Anybody 19:57.040 --> 20:00.520 want to take a shot on the East? Bob Frankston, East Rider. 20:00.520 --> 20:01.520 Bob? Volksrider. 20:01.520 --> 20:03.520 Volksrider. Correct for 10 points. 20:03.520 --> 20:09.120 Bonus round. All right, it's time for another bonus round. 20:09.120 --> 20:13.600 Guess what? The score is tied 50 for the East Coast, 50 for the West Coast. 20:13.600 --> 20:18.400 All right, East Coast time. You guys get together. You're going to answer through Mitch. The 20:18.400 --> 20:24.680 category is computers in print. One of today's well-known computer trade magazines used to 20:24.680 --> 20:31.320 be called the Intelligent Machines Journal. What's that magazine called today? For 10 20:31.320 --> 20:36.640 seconds. The Intelligent Machines Journal is now called what? 20:36.640 --> 20:50.160 Give it a shot. InfoWorld. All right, 10 points. Well done. Second chance to get 10 points. 20:50.160 --> 20:54.440 Computers in print. Way back in 1945, it's nearly 50 years ago, an article appeared in 20:54.440 --> 20:59.240 the Atlantic Monthly entitled, As We May Think. In the article, the author predicted that 20:59.240 --> 21:04.160 computers could be used to make PCs, distributed databases, and hypertext. Who wrote the article? 21:04.160 --> 21:07.200 Vannevar Bush. That's right, Vannevar Bush. Another 10 points. 21:07.200 --> 21:14.720 Well done. Last chance for 10 points. In the book Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton, a 21:14.720 --> 21:20.960 supercomputer is used for DNA sequencing. What brand of supercomputer is used? 21:20.960 --> 21:33.480 What do you think? Cray. Cray is right. Okay, well done. You got all of them, so right now 21:33.480 --> 21:45.200 the score is East Coast, 80, West Coast, 50. Okay, Andy. 21:45.200 --> 21:52.400 The following three movies, all at least 25 years old, all have computer themes. Desk 21:52.400 --> 22:04.560 Set, Gog, and Billion Dollar Brain. Can you list those movies in chronological order? 22:04.560 --> 22:08.640 Oldest first. Three movies with computer themes, and we 22:08.640 --> 22:15.320 need the order of those three. And they were Desk Set, Gog, and Billion Dollar Brain. 22:15.320 --> 22:20.760 David Liddell, West Coast. David's going to take a shot. Go ahead. 22:20.760 --> 22:28.480 The order was Desk Set, Billion Dollar Brain, Gog. That is not correct. Anybody on the East 22:28.480 --> 22:32.840 like to try again? Put those three movies about computers in chronological order, oldest 22:32.840 --> 22:36.040 first. Mitchell Kapoor, East Coast. 22:36.040 --> 22:44.880 It was the order you read them in. Nice try, but even that's wrong. No, it was Gog first, 22:44.880 --> 22:50.840 which goes back to 1954. Desk Set was 1957. Billion Dollar Brain was 1967, so nobody did 22:50.840 --> 22:53.880 get that right. All right, next question, Andy. 22:53.880 --> 23:00.520 A PDP-10 is a well-known minicomputer. What was its immediate predecessor called? 23:00.520 --> 23:03.040 Bill Gates, West Coast. Bill? 23:03.040 --> 23:06.520 86. Absolutely right. 23:06.520 --> 23:12.760 Bonus round. All right, time for another bonus round, and 23:12.760 --> 23:18.160 it is the East Coast ahead, 80 to 60, so it's for the West now. You guys can use this. You're 23:18.160 --> 23:23.520 20 points behind. The category is computers in the movies. I'm going to give you the computer 23:23.520 --> 23:30.920 angle in the movie. You give me the title of the movie. Actor George Segal has a computer 23:30.920 --> 23:39.360 implanted in his brain in this 1974 movie based on a book. 23:39.360 --> 23:44.080 Terminal Man. You got it, 10 points. 23:44.080 --> 23:51.520 Here's the second computer theme. Two teenagers use a computer to create a woman in this 1985 23:51.520 --> 23:56.920 movie. Weird Science. 23:56.920 --> 24:03.400 That's right, another 10 points. You guys are good. Last chance for 10 points now is 24:03.400 --> 24:09.360 an important one. In this Walt Disney movie, an electrical accident dumps the contents 24:09.360 --> 24:15.520 of a computer's memory into the brain of a college student played by Kurt Russell. 24:15.520 --> 24:20.960 Tron? Not correct. I'm afraid the computer wore 24:20.960 --> 24:25.640 tennis shoes. The computer wore tennis shoes. Okay, the score right now, though, is tie 24:25.640 --> 24:36.640 score. East Coast, 80, West Coast, 80. Here we go. This is a tight one. 24:36.640 --> 24:43.640 We are all familiar with the term ATM, standing for automatic teller machine. 24:43.640 --> 24:47.160 David Liddell, West Coast. 24:47.160 --> 24:49.240 Asynchronous transfer mode. 24:49.240 --> 24:54.880 That is not correct. All right, Andy, you can finish the whole question and somebody 24:54.880 --> 25:00.440 from the East can take a shot at it. Okay. But way back in the 1950s, the Bank of America 25:00.440 --> 25:10.560 installed one of the first computerized banking systems built by GE. It was called ERMA, E-R-M-A. 25:10.560 --> 25:12.520 What did the letters E-R... 25:12.520 --> 25:14.920 David Nelson, East Coast. 25:14.920 --> 25:20.800 David? Electronic record method of accounting. 25:20.800 --> 25:24.000 Electronic recording machine accounting. Okay, you had two of the four words, Dave, 25:24.000 --> 25:28.000 but not all of them. Electronic recording machine accounting. 25:28.000 --> 25:31.000 You've got it. 25:31.000 --> 25:37.440 No, I'm sorry. I'm sorry, Andy. That's the signal for the end of round two. With the 25:37.440 --> 25:47.760 score, 80 for the East Coast, 80 for the West Coast. What a great contest. That concludes 25:47.760 --> 25:54.040 the first half of the Computer Bowl All-Star Game. If you have any questions...